Diammonium Hydrogen Orthophosphate: The Comprehensive Product Guide

Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate, commonly referred to as diammonium phosphate (DAP), is a highly soluble inorganic compound with the chemical formula (NH4)2HPO4(NH_4)_2HPO_4(NH4​)2​HPO4​. This white crystalline salt is widely recognized for its essential role in agriculture, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and various industrial applications. With its nutrient-rich profile and multifunctional properties, diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is a vital ingredient that supports growth and stability in multiple sectors. In this detailed product description, we will explore the properties, applications, benefits, and safety considerations of diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate, emphasizing its significance across different industries.

Chemical Properties

Composition and Structure

Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate consists of two ammonium ions and one hydrogen orthophosphate ion. It typically appears as a white crystalline solid or powder, which is easy to handle and incorporate into various formulations. The molecular weight of diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is approximately 132.06 g/mol.

Physical Characteristics

• Appearance: White crystalline powder
• Molecular Weight: 132.06 g/mol
• Solubility: Highly soluble in water
• pH: Slightly acidic (around 7-8 in solution)
• Melting Point: Decomposes upon heating

These properties make diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate suitable for a wide range of applications in different industries.

Applications of Diammonium Hydrogen Orthophosphate

1. Agriculture

Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is widely used as a fertilizer in agriculture due to its high nutrient content. It serves multiple functions that support plant growth, including:

• Nutrient Source: DAP provides essential nitrogen and phosphorus, crucial for plant development. These nutrients play a vital role in promoting root growth, flowering, and overall plant health.
• Soil Amendment: As a soil amendment, diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate improves soil fertility and structure, ensuring optimal growing conditions for crops.

2. Food Industry

In the food industry, diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is utilized as a food additive and processing aid. Its roles include:

• Leavening Agent: DAP is used in baking as a leavening agent, helping dough rise and improving texture in baked goods.
• Nutritional Supplement: It acts as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus in nutritional formulations, contributing to the overall nutritional profile of food products.

3. Pharmaceuticals

In the pharmaceutical sector, diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is employed as an excipient in drug formulations. Its properties make it suitable for various applications, including:

• Buffering Agent: DAP helps maintain the pH of solutions, ensuring the stability of active ingredients in medications.
• Stabilizer: It enhances the shelf-life and effectiveness of pharmaceuticals, contributing to their overall quality and safety.

4. Laboratory Use

Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is commonly used in laboratories as a reagent and buffer. It plays a crucial role in various biochemical assays and experiments, including:

• Enzyme Reactions: DAP acts as a stabilizing agent for enzymes, improving reaction conditions and outcomes.
• Analytical Chemistry: It is used in titrations and as a standard solution in various analytical methods, providing reliable results in laboratory settings.

5. Cosmetics and Personal Care

In the cosmetics industry, diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is incorporated into formulations as a pH regulator and stabilizer. Its ability to maintain the desired pH levels enhances the effectiveness and stability of creams, lotions, and other personal care products.

Advantages of Using Diammonium Hydrogen Orthophosphate

1. Nutritional Benefits

One of the primary advantages of diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is its ability to provide essential nutrients. The nitrogen and phosphorus it contains are crucial for various physiological functions, including energy transfer and photosynthesis in plants.

2. Versatility

Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is a versatile compound with applications across multiple industries. Its multifunctional properties make it a valuable resource for manufacturers and professionals seeking reliable solutions.

3. High Solubility

The high solubility of diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate in water ensures that it can be easily absorbed by plants and incorporated into food and pharmaceutical formulations. This characteristic enhances its effectiveness as a fertilizer and nutritional supplement.

4. Safety

Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory authorities, including the FDA. Its low toxicity makes it suitable for use in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics without health risks.

How to Use Diammonium Hydrogen Orthophosphate

1. In Agriculture

When using diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate in agricultural applications:

• Fertilizer Use: Apply diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate based on soil tests to determine the right amount needed for optimal plant growth. Typical application rates range from 200 to 400 kg per hectare.
• Monitoring: Regularly assess soil health and crop performance to adjust application rates as necessary.

2. In Food Processing

For food applications:

• Dosage: The recommended dosage typically ranges from 0.1% to 2% of the total weight of the product, depending on the specific application and desired effects.
• Incorporation: It can be mixed with other ingredients during the processing stage to ensure even distribution.

3. In Pharmaceuticals

When incorporating diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate into pharmaceutical formulations:

• Formulation: Use it as a buffering agent at recommended concentrations, typically around 0.5% to 2%.
• Quality Control: Regularly monitor the stability and efficacy of formulations to ensure compliance with industry standards.

4. In Cosmetics

For cosmetic applications:

• Incorporation: Use diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate at concentrations of 0.5% to 3% to help regulate pH and stabilize formulations.
• Testing: Conduct stability tests to ensure the integrity of cosmetic products over time.

5. In Laboratory Settings

When using diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate in laboratory experiments:

• Preparation: Dissolve the appropriate amount in water to create a buffer solution, adjusting the pH as needed for specific reactions.
• Monitoring: Regularly assess the effectiveness of reactions to ensure accurate results.

Safety and Handling

1. Toxicity

Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is generally considered safe for use in food, pharmaceuticals, and other applications. However, excessive intake may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort in sensitive individuals.

2. Protective Measures

When handling diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate, it is essential to:

• Wear Protective Gear: Use gloves, goggles, and appropriate lab attire to minimize exposure risks.
• Ensure Ventilation: Work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling dust.

3. Storage

Store diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. Ensure that containers are tightly sealed to prevent contamination and degradation.

Environmental Considerations

Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is considered environmentally friendly, as it is derived from natural sources. However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize any potential impact. Always adhere to local regulations regarding chemical waste disposal.

Conclusion

Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate is a versatile and essential compound widely used in agriculture, food processing, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and laboratory settings. Its unique properties, such as high solubility and nutritional benefits, make it an invaluable resource for professionals across various industries.

When purchasing diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate, choose reputable suppliers that provide high-quality products and detailed safety data sheets. Understanding its applications, benefits, and safety measures will help you maximize the potential of this remarkable compound in your projects.

Whether you’re a food manufacturer looking to enhance product quality, an agricultural expert aiming to improve crop yields, or a pharmaceutical professional seeking effective excipients, diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate can meet your needs. Embrace the advantages of this compound and unlock new possibilities in your field!