Diammonium Citrate: The Complete Product Guide

Diammonium citrate is a versatile inorganic compound with the chemical formula (NH4)2C6H6O7(NH_4)_2C_6H_6O_7(NH4​)2​C6​H6​O7​. This white crystalline salt is widely recognized for its diverse applications across multiple industries, including agriculture, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and more. Known for its solubility and safety, diammonium citrate serves as an essential ingredient in various formulations, promoting effectiveness and stability. In this comprehensive product description, we will explore the properties, applications, benefits, and safety considerations of diammonium citrate, emphasizing its significance across different sectors.

Chemical Properties

Composition and Structure

Diammonium citrate is formed by the reaction of ammonium hydroxide with citric acid. This compound typically appears as a white crystalline solid or powder, making it easy to handle and incorporate into various formulations. The molecular weight of diammonium citrate is approximately 180.18 g/mol.

Physical Characteristics

• Appearance: White crystalline powder
• Molecular Weight: 180.18 g/mol
• Solubility: Highly soluble in water
• pH: Slightly acidic (around 6-7 in solution)
• Melting Point: Decomposes upon heating

These properties make diammonium citrate suitable for a wide range of applications in different industries.

Applications of Diammonium Citrate

1. Agriculture

Diammonium citrate is widely used in agriculture as a nitrogen and phosphorus source for plants. It plays a crucial role in promoting healthy plant growth and development. The compound is particularly beneficial in the following ways:

• Fertilizers: As a component of fertilizers, diammonium citrate provides essential nutrients, enhancing soil fertility and crop yields.
• Soil Amendment: It helps improve soil structure and nutrient availability, ensuring optimal growth conditions for various crops.

2. Food Industry

In the food industry, diammonium citrate is utilized as an acidulant and flavoring agent. It serves multiple functions, including:

• Buffering Agent: Helps maintain the desired pH in food products, improving stability and flavor.
• Emulsifier: Aids in the mixing of ingredients, enhancing the texture and mouthfeel of processed foods.

3. Pharmaceuticals

Diammonium citrate is employed in the pharmaceutical sector as an excipient in drug formulations. Its properties make it suitable for various applications, including:

• Buffering Agent: Helps maintain pH levels in solutions, ensuring the stability of active ingredients.
• Stabilizer: Enhances the shelf-life and effectiveness of medications, contributing to their overall quality.

4. Cosmetics and Personal Care

In cosmetics, diammonium citrate is incorporated as a pH regulator and stabilizer. Its ability to maintain the desired pH levels enhances the effectiveness and shelf-life of creams, lotions, and other personal care products.

5. Laboratory Use

Diammonium citrate is commonly used in laboratories as a reagent and buffer. It plays a crucial role in various biochemical assays and experiments, including:

• Enzyme Reactions: Acts as a stabilizing agent for enzymes, improving reaction conditions.
• Analytical Chemistry: Used in titrations and as a standard solution in various analytical methods.

Advantages of Using Diammonium Citrate

1. Nutritional Benefits

One of the primary advantages of diammonium citrate is its ability to provide essential nutrients. The nitrogen and phosphorus it supplies are crucial for various physiological functions, including energy transfer and photosynthesis in plants.

2. Versatility

Diammonium citrate is a versatile compound with applications across multiple industries. Its multifunctional properties make it a valuable resource for manufacturers and professionals seeking reliable solutions.

3. High Solubility

The high solubility of diammonium citrate in water ensures that it can be easily absorbed by plants and incorporated into food and pharmaceutical formulations. This characteristic enhances its effectiveness as a fertilizer and nutritional supplement.

4. Safety

Diammonium citrate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory authorities, including the FDA. Its low toxicity makes it suitable for use in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics without health risks.

How to Use Diammonium Citrate

1. In Agriculture

When using diammonium citrate in agricultural applications:

• Fertilizer Use: Apply diammonium citrate based on soil tests to determine the right amount needed for optimal plant growth. Typical application rates range from 200 to 400 kg per hectare.
• Monitoring: Regularly assess soil health and crop performance to adjust application rates as necessary.

2. In Food Processing

For food applications:

• Dosage: The recommended dosage typically ranges from 0.1% to 2% of the total weight of the product, depending on the specific application and desired effects.
• Incorporation: It can be mixed with other ingredients during the processing stage to ensure even distribution.

3. In Pharmaceuticals

When incorporating diammonium citrate into pharmaceutical formulations:

• Formulation: Use it as a buffering agent at recommended concentrations, typically around 0.5% to 2%.
• Quality Control: Regularly monitor the stability and efficacy of formulations to ensure compliance with industry standards.

4. In Cosmetics

For cosmetic applications:

• Incorporation: Use diammonium citrate at concentrations of 0.5% to 3% to help regulate pH and stabilize formulations.
• Testing: Conduct stability tests to ensure the integrity of cosmetic products over time.

5. In Laboratory Settings

When using diammonium citrate in laboratory experiments:

• Preparation: Dissolve the appropriate amount in water to create a buffer solution, adjusting the pH as needed for specific reactions.
• Monitoring: Regularly assess the effectiveness of reactions to ensure accurate results.

Safety and Handling

1. Toxicity

Diammonium citrate is generally considered safe for use in food, pharmaceuticals, and other applications. However, excessive intake may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort in sensitive individuals.

2. Protective Measures

When handling diammonium citrate, it is essential to:

• Wear Protective Gear: Use gloves, goggles, and appropriate lab attire to minimize exposure risks.
• Ensure Ventilation: Work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling dust.

3. Storage

Store diammonium citrate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. Ensure that containers are tightly sealed to prevent contamination and degradation.

Environmental Considerations

Diammonium citrate is considered environmentally friendly, as it is derived from natural sources. However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize any potential impact. Always adhere to local regulations regarding chemical waste disposal.

Conclusion

Diammonium citrate is a versatile and essential compound widely used in agriculture, food processing, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and laboratory settings. Its unique properties, such as high solubility and nutritional benefits, make it an invaluable resource for professionals across various industries.

When purchasing diammonium citrate, choose reputable suppliers that provide high-quality products and detailed safety data sheets. Understanding its applications, benefits, and safety measures will help you maximize the potential of this remarkable compound in your projects.

Whether you’re a food manufacturer looking to enhance product quality, an agricultural expert aiming to improve crop yields, or a pharmaceutical professional seeking effective excipients, diammonium citrate can meet your needs. Embrace the advantages of this compound and unlock new possibilities in your field!