Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate: The Ultimate Comprehensive Guide

Calcium sulphate dihydrate, commonly known as gypsum, has the chemical formula CaSO4⋅2H2OCaSO_4 \cdot 2H_2OCaSO4​⋅2H2​O. This white, crystalline compound is widely recognized for its versatility and numerous applications across various industries, including construction, agriculture, food processing, and pharmaceuticals. Calcium sulphate dihydrate is particularly valued for its ability to improve soil quality, enhance building materials, and serve as a crucial additive in various formulations. In this comprehensive product description, we will explore the properties, applications, benefits, and safety considerations of calcium sulphate dihydrate, emphasizing its significance in multiple sectors.

Chemical Properties

Composition and Structure

Calcium sulphate dihydrate consists of calcium, sulfur, and oxygen, along with two water molecules. This hydrated form of calcium sulfate is stable under normal conditions and is characterized by its white color and crystalline structure. The molecular weight of calcium sulphate dihydrate is approximately 172.17 g/mol.

Physical Characteristics

• Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
• Molecular Weight: 172.17 g/mol
• Solubility: Sparingly soluble in water; soluble in acids
• pH: Neutral
• Melting Point: Decomposes at temperatures above 150 °C (302 °F)

These properties contribute to the diverse applications of calcium sulphate dihydrate across various industries.

Applications of Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate

1. Construction Industry

Calcium sulphate dihydrate, or gypsum, is extensively used in the construction industry. It serves as a key ingredient in the production of drywall, plaster, and cement. Its properties make it ideal for creating strong, durable building materials. Gypsum plaster, in particular, is favored for its fire-resistant properties and ability to provide a smooth finish on walls and ceilings.

2. Agriculture

In agriculture, calcium sulphate dihydrate is used as a soil amendment and fertilizer. It helps improve soil structure, enhances drainage, and provides essential calcium and sulfur nutrients to plants. Gypsum is especially beneficial in saline and sodic soils, where it can help reduce soil salinity and improve overall fertility.

3. Food Industry

Calcium sulphate dihydrate is utilized in the food industry as a food additive and coagulant. It is commonly used in the production of tofu, where it helps to firm the texture. Additionally, it is used in various food products to enhance calcium content and improve overall quality.

4. Pharmaceuticals

In the pharmaceutical sector, calcium sulphate dihydrate is employed as an excipient in drug formulations. Its properties make it suitable for use in tablets and capsules, where it serves as a filler and stabilizer. Gypsum is also used in dental applications for making molds and casts due to its rapid setting time and compatibility with oral tissues.

5. Chemical Manufacturing

Calcium sulphate dihydrate plays a crucial role in the production of various chemicals, including calcium sulfide and other sulfur compounds. Its stability and reactivity make it an essential raw material in chemical manufacturing processes.

6. Cosmetics

In the cosmetics industry, calcium sulphate dihydrate is incorporated into formulations as a texturizer and absorbent. It helps improve the consistency and stability of creams, lotions, and powders, contributing to a better user experience.

Advantages of Using Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate

1. Versatility

One of the key advantages of calcium sulphate dihydrate is its versatility. Its applications span across multiple industries, making it a valuable resource for manufacturers and professionals seeking reliable solutions.

2. Natural Origin

Calcium sulphate dihydrate is naturally occurring, found in mineral deposits such as gypsum. Its natural origin appeals to consumers and industries looking for sustainable and environmentally friendly materials.

3. Cost-Effectiveness

Calcium sulphate dihydrate is relatively inexpensive compared to other industrial chemicals. Its availability and low cost make it an economical choice for various applications, helping businesses maintain profitability.

4. Improved Soil Quality

In agriculture, calcium sulphate dihydrate enhances soil structure and fertility, which can lead to increased crop yields and healthier plants. This makes it an essential tool for farmers looking to improve productivity.

How to Use Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate

1. In Construction

When using calcium sulphate dihydrate in construction applications:

• Dosage: Follow industry standards for the appropriate amount to use in plaster and cement formulations, typically ranging from 5% to 15% of the total mix.
• Mixing: Ensure thorough mixing with other materials to achieve the desired strength and workability in the final product.

2. In Agriculture

For agricultural applications:

• Soil Amendment: Apply calcium sulphate dihydrate based on soil tests to determine the right amount needed for optimal plant growth. Typical application rates range from 100 to 300 kg per hectare.
• Monitoring: Regularly assess soil health and crop performance to adjust application rates as necessary.

3. In Food Processing

When incorporating calcium sulphate dihydrate into food products:

• Usage: Typically, 0.5% to 2% of calcium sulphate is added as a coagulant in tofu production and other food applications.
• Quality Control: Monitor food products for consistency and quality to ensure proper texture and stability.

4. In Pharmaceuticals

For pharmaceutical applications:

• Formulation: Use calcium sulphate dihydrate as a filler or stabilizer in tablets and capsules at recommended dosages, typically around 5% to 20%.
• Testing: Conduct stability tests to ensure the integrity of formulations over time.

5. In Chemical Manufacturing

When using calcium sulphate dihydrate in chemical production:

• Preparation: Follow established protocols for using calcium sulphate in reactions, ensuring accurate measurements for reliable results.
• Quality Control: Regularly monitor the quality of chemical products to ensure compliance with industry standards.

6. In Cosmetics

For cosmetic applications:

• Incorporation: Use calcium sulphate dihydrate at concentrations of 1% to 5% to improve texture and stability in formulations.
• Testing: Perform stability tests to ensure formulations maintain their integrity and performance over time.

Safety and Handling

1. Toxicity

Calcium sulphate dihydrate is generally considered safe for use in food and pharmaceutical applications. However, excessive inhalation of dust can lead to respiratory irritation.

2. Protective Measures

When handling calcium sulphate dihydrate, it is essential to:

• Wear Protective Gear: Use gloves, goggles, and appropriate protective clothing to minimize exposure risks.
• Ensure Ventilation: Work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling dust.

3. Storage

Store calcium sulphate dihydrate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. Ensure that containers are tightly sealed to prevent contamination and degradation.

Environmental Considerations

Calcium sulphate dihydrate is considered environmentally friendly, as it is derived from natural sources. However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize any potential impact. Always adhere to local regulations regarding chemical waste disposal.

Conclusion

Calcium sulphate dihydrate is a versatile and essential compound widely used in construction, agriculture, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and more. Its unique properties, such as stability and natural origin, make it an invaluable resource for professionals across various industries.

When purchasing calcium sulphate dihydrate, choose reputable suppliers that provide high-quality products and detailed safety data sheets. Understanding its applications, benefits, and safety measures will help you maximize the potential of this remarkable compound in your projects.

Whether you’re a contractor seeking strong and durable building materials, an agricultural expert aiming to improve soil health, or a manufacturer looking to enhance product quality, calcium sulphate dihydrate can meet your needs. Embrace the advantages of this compound and unlock new possibilities in your field!